PDF of this tutorialOperators often require different combinations of these advantages at different times. As a result, those systems offering the most flexibility in terms of configuration and upgradeability are often the most cost-effective long-term solutions.
Applicable Standards
Smart antenna systems are applicable, with some modifications, to all major wireless protocols and standards, including those in Table 2.
| access methods |
analog—frequency division multiple access (FDMA) (e.g., AMPS, TACS, NMT) digital—time division multiple access (TDMA) (e.g., GSM, IS–136); code division multiple access (CDMA) (e.g., IS–95) |
| duplex methods | frequency division duplex(FDD); time division duplex (TDD) |
Table 2. Applicable Standards
Transparency to the Network
The flexibility of adaptive smart antenna technology allows for the creation of new value-added products and services that give operators a significant competitive advantage. Adaptive smart antennas are not restricted to any particular modulation format or air-interface protocol. They are compatible with all current air-interface modulation schemes.
Added Advantages of Spatial Processing
A wide range of wireless communication systems may benefit from spatial processing, including high-mobility cellular systems, low-mobility short-range systems, wireless local loop applications, satellite communications, and wireless LAN. By employing an array of antennas, it is possible to multiplex channels in the spatial dimension just as in the frequency and time dimensions. To increase system capacity, spatially selective transmission as well as spatially selective reception must be achieved.
Improved algorithms and low-cost processors make sophisticated spatial processing practical alternatives for an increasing number of wireless system manufacturers and operators. Many agree that the unique benefits of spatial processing will ultimately affect all aspects of wireless system design.
