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Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

Table of Contents:
Definition and Overview
1. Introduction
2. Traditional Routing and Packet Switching
3. MPLS and Its Components
4. MPLS Operation
5. MPLS Protocol Stack Architecture
6. MPLS Applications
7. Standard Groups
Self-Test
Glossary
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Self-Test
1. MPLS is independent of the Layer-2 and Layer-3 protocols being used.
a. true
b. false
2. Labels can be created based on the ___________.
a. topology-based method
b. request-based method
c. traffic-based method
d. all of the above
3. CR–LDP is used for label distribution based on traffic-engineering requirements.
a. true
b. false
4. Label-switched path creation is done only by hop-by-hop routing.
a. true
b. false
5. Label merging is used for _______________.
a. merging traffic on different interfaces headed for different destinations
b. merging traffic on different interfaces headed for the same destination
c. a and b
6. MPLS uses the following signaling mechanism ________________.
a. label request and label mapping message
b. discovery and session message
c. advertisement and notification message
d. all of the above
7. In LDP, downstream routers initiate the distribution of labels and label/FEC bindings.
a. true
b. false
8. Label swapping occurs only at the edges of the network—i.e., at the LERs only.
a. true
b. false
9. MPLS supports creation of tunnels so that it can control the entire path of a packet ___________.
a. without explicitly specifying the intermediate routers but only on the same network segment
b. without explicitly specifying the intermediate routers that can span multiple network segments
c. but it needs to explicitly specify the intermediate routers and is limited to the same network segment
d. but it needs to explicitly specify the intermediate routers that can span multiple network segments
10. The following routing protocol can be used for initial route setup ______________.
a. OSPF
b. BGP
c. ATM PNNI
d. all of the above
11. LDP uses ______ for reliable transmission of control data between LSR.
a. TCP
b. UDP
c. both
12. MPLS applications include _______________.
a. network scalability
b. traffic engineering
c. improving network interoperability and efficiency
d. all of the above
Glossary >>

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