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Low-Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS)
6. Low Electromagnetic Interference
Differential signal paths reduce the harmful effects of these fields to minimize these radiation problems further. Balanced differential lines have equal but opposite currents, called odd-mode signals. When the fields created by these odd-mode signals are closely coupled, they tend to tie each other up and thus cannot escape to cause harm. Therefore, it is important to maintain a balanced and closely coupled differential transmission path to reduce the emission of electromagnetic interference. Differential signals also have the advantage of tolerating interference from outside sources such as inductive radiation from electric motors or crosstalk from neighboring transmission lines. When the differential transmission lines are closely coupled, the induced signal is common-mode noise that appears as a common-mode voltage at the receiver input. The differential receiver responds only to the difference between the plus and the minus inputs, so when the noise appears commonly to both inputs, the input differential signal amplitude is undisturbed. This common-mode noise rejection also applies to noise sources such as power supply variations, substrate noise, and ground bounce.The LVDS flat panel display (FPD) link standard shown in Figure 6 demonstrates the low noise-generation characteristics for LVDS while targeting LCD applications for notebook and subnotebook computers. The FPD link moves large amounts of display data from the notebook personal computer (PC) to the display panel. The system designers had to solve the problem of twisted-pair cables or flex circuit carrying high-speed data through the panel hinge without creating EMI problems. They chose to use LVDS technology because it has better EMI performance than all other interface technologies.


