Compact peripheral component interconnect (CompactPCI) technology is an ideal board interconnect base technology on which to build high-availability systems. Its modular construction and features meet many of the requirements for effective fault management discussed earlier in the tutorial. CompactPCI has a modular board structure that allows for simple module identification with few opportunities for human error. Hot-swap extensions to the CompactPCI specification enable board-level FRU replacement in a running system; the high-availability extensions to hot-swap allow unattended isolation of individual boards. The mechanical structure and large number of connector pins specified for CompactPCI mean that most input/output (I/O) connections can be routed through the CompactPCI backplane, minimizing the need for front panel cables and possible mechanical or cable-related interaction between FRUs.