1. Alexander Graham Bell called his first telephone a synchronous telegraph.

2. The expiration of Bell's basic patents in 1893 and 1894 was the starting signal for open competition.

3. In 1946, Congress passed a Communications Act and established the Federal Communications Commission.

4. Each telephone subscriber is connected to several central offices (COs).

5. The local loop, or the connections between individual subscribers and central offices, is also known as the last mile.

6. The ________________ is a particular set of standards that allows the interworking of products from different vendors. It usually embodies a fiber-optic ring that will permit transmission in both directions.

7. Packet switching is used for which of the following?

8. The types of media that can transmit information in the telecommunications world are the following ______________.

9. Analog signals can be ________ by combining them with a carrier frequency.

10. ______________ is a high-performance switching and multiplexing technology that utilizes fixed-length packets to carry different types of traffic.